Ghana
Republic of Ghana
English
Currency GHS
Common law
ECOWAS • AfCFTA
West Africa hub with a diversified base across gold oil cocoa and fast growing digital services. Stabilisation advanced through disinflation and gradual monetary easing under an IMF supported program. Policy focuses on export earnings local value addition and efficient investment facilitation.
Overview
Diversification spans gold hydrocarbons cocoa processing logistics and a dynamic fintech scene. Investors interact with ORC for registration GRA for taxes and GIPC for investment approvals with digital portals covering many steps end to end.
Snapshot
Population
~34.6 M 2024
UN WPP
GDP current USD
$82.83 B 2024
World Bank
GDP per Capita
$2,405.8 2024
World Bank
Inflation y over y
11.5% Aug 2025
GSS and Reuters
Policy Rate
25.0% Jul 2025
Bank of Ghana and Reuters
Internet Use
~69.9% 2023
World Bank series
Electrification
~89.5% 2023
World Bank
Market Note
GSE equities and GFIM bonds
GSE
Focus Sectors
Gold and Mining
Oil and Gas
Cocoa and Agro Processing
Construction and Materials
Logistics Ports Tema Takoradi
Digital and Fintech
Power and Renewables
Health
Education
Tourism and Hospitality
Trade
Top Export Partners 2023
- Switzerlandgold
- United Arab Emiratesgold and jewelry
- Indiaoil and cocoa
- South Africagold trade
- Chinaoil and metals
WITS and OEC 2023
Top Export Goods
Gold
Crude petroleum
Cocoa beans and cocoa paste
Top Import Partners 2023
- Chinalargest origin
- Netherlandsfuels and machinery
- Indiaindustrial inputs
- United Statesequipment and goods
- United Kingdomvarious goods
UN Comtrade and OEC
Top Import Goods 2023
- Refined petroleum$4.44 B
- Cars$0.52 B
- Pesticides$0.35 B
- Rubber footwear$0.35 B
- Rice$0.34 B
OEC 2023
Finance and Capital Markets
Currency and Policy
- CurrencyGhana cedi GHS
- Monetary policy rate25.0% Jul 2025
- FX regimeManaged float via BoG operations
BoG and Reuters and IMF
Markets
- ExchangeGhana Stock Exchange GSE
- Fixed incomeGFIM government and corporate bonds
- Market dataDaily trading reports and stats available
GSE
Regulations and Taxes
Start a Business
- Name search and reserve — Office of the Registrar of Companies ORC
- Incorporate and obtain TIN — ORC and GRA
- Open bank account deposit capital
- Investment registration if applicable — GIPC
- Local government business operating permit
- Register for VAT and e filing — GRA Taxpayers Portal
ORC and GRA and GIPC
Key Taxes
- Corporate Income Tax25% general 35% mining and upstream petroleum
- VAT standard15% plus levies per regime
- WHT dividends8%
- WHT interest8% for residents excluding banks
- Royalties15% WHT
PwC Ghana and KPMG Ghana
Talent
Median Age
~21.3 yrs
UN WPP
Adult Literacy
~80.4%
World Bank series
Tertiary Enrolment
~22.0% gross
World Bank 2023
Language
English official with many local languages
Gov
Policy
- IMF programFiscal consolidation and debt restructuring
- AfCFTAOperational with national strategy and trade facilitation
- DigitalisationGhana.gov services and e tax filing
Gov and IMF and GRA
Risks
- FX and inflationExposure to commodity cycles and exchange swings
- Fiscal spaceDebt service and revenue mobilisation
- Power and logisticsIntermittent supply and port congestion risk
IMF and market commentary
Resources
ORC company registry
GRA taxes and e filing
Ghana.gov digital services
GIPC invest Ghana
Ghana Stock Exchange
WITS trade snapshot
OEC country profile
Links open in a new tab.
Data Notes
GDP level and per capita 2024 World Bank. Inflation Aug 2025 and policy rate Jul 2025 from Ghana Statistical Service releases Bank of Ghana and Reuters. Internet users 2023 and electrification 2023 World Bank series. Trade partners and goods WITS and OEC 2023. Key tax items from PwC and KPMG Ghana summaries. Registration flow from ORC GRA and GIPC portals.