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Tanzania

United Republic of Tanzania

Swahili, English Tanzanian Shilling (TZS) English common law, customary law, Islamic law (Zanzibar)
AU, EAC, SADC, AfCFTA, Commonwealth, WTO

Tanzania is East Africa's second-largest economy, blessed with extraordinary natural resources including gold deposits (Africa's fourth-largest producer), the world's only source of tanzanite, and some of the continent's most iconic tourism destinations: the Serengeti, Mount Kilimanjaro, and Zanzibar.

The economy has grown steadily at 5-7% annually, driven by construction, mining, and services. The government under President Samia Suluhu Hassan has focused on improving the business environment, reopening dialogue with the private sector, and advancing major infrastructure projects including the Julius Nyerere Hydropower Dam (2,115 MW) and the Standard Gauge Railway.

Tanzania is emerging as a major natural gas producer with the discovery of significant offshore reserves. The country is also a member of both the EAC and SADC, providing access to a combined market of over 500 million people.

Snapshot

Population~70.5 MWorld Bank, 2025
GDP (current USD)$90.1 BWorld Bank, 2025
GDP per Capita$1,319World Bank, 2025
GDP Growth5.85%World Bank, 2025
Inflation (y/y)~3.33%World Bank, 2025
CBR (Bank of Tanzania)6.00%Central Bank
Unemployment1.57%World Bank, ILO modelled estimate, 2025
Internet Use~31.16%World Bank, 2024
Electrification~42.70%World Bank WDI
CPI Score (Rank)40.0/100 (#87)Transparency Intl
HDI (Rank)0.549 (#160)UNDP HDR
Credit RatingB1 (Moody's) / B+ (Fitch)S&P / Moody's / Fitch
MarketDar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE)

World Bank Indicators Compare with another country

GDP (current USD)$90.1 BWorld Bank, 2025
GDP growth (annual)5.85%World Bank, 2025
GDP per capita (USD)$1,319World Bank, 2025
Population, total70.5 MWorld Bank, 2025
FDI net inflows (USD)$1.7 BWorld Bank, 2024
Inflation (consumer prices)3.33%World Bank, 2025
Unemployment (% labour force)1.57%World Bank, 2025
Internet use (% of people)31.16%World Bank, 2024
Trade (% of GDP)38.97%World Bank, 2025

Climate Readiness Full ranking

42out of 100
Emerging
Climate adaptation readiness for Tanzania, from 5 of 5 measured indicators.
Energy access4342.7% · 30% weight
Governance readiness4040 / 100 CPI · 20% weight
Human readiness550.549 HDI · 20% weight
Economic readiness39$1,319, 2025 · 15% weight
Digital readiness3232.0% · 15% weight
This scores climate adaptation readiness (adaptive capacity), following the readiness dimension of the ND-GAIN framework. It is built only from measured values already held on this profile and normalised 0-100. It does not measure emissions or physical climate vulnerability: the platform does not yet hold emissions, hazard-exposure or natural-capital series. Energy access is the single most climate-specific indicator held; the other four are governance, economic, human-development and digital readiness proxies. The economic sub-score is relative to the African countries the platform covers.
How this is computed

Adaptive capacity to absorb climate finance and adapt, following the readiness dimension of the ND-GAIN framework. Built only from measured values already held on each country profile. It is not a measure of emissions or physical climate vulnerability, which the platform does not yet hold.

  • Energy access (30%) World Bank, access to electricity (% of population). The single most climate and energy specific signal held: SDG 7 and the clean-energy transition.
  • Governance readiness (20%) Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index (0-100). ND-GAIN governance readiness: the capacity to govern and deploy climate finance. Higher is cleaner.
  • Human readiness (20%) UNDP, Human Development Index (0-1). ND-GAIN social readiness: the adaptive capacity of the population.
  • Economic readiness (15%) World Bank, GDP per capita (current US$), latest measured year. ND-GAIN economic readiness: the capacity to finance adaptation. Scored relative to the covered set.
  • Digital readiness (15%) World Bank, individuals using the Internet (% of population). Information systems for early warning and adaptation.

A country is scored only when at least 4 of the five indicators are held. Sub-scores are weighted and renormalised over the indicators that are present; nothing is estimated for one that is absent.

Country Facts

CapitalDodoma
RegionEast Africa
CurrencyTanzanian Shilling (TZS)
FX RegimeManaged float
Stock ExchangeDar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE)
Investment Promotion AgencyTanzania Investment Centre (TIC)
Legal SystemEnglish common law, customary law, Islamic law (Zanzibar)
Time ZoneAfrica/Dar_es_Salaam

Focus Sectors

Mining (gold
tanzanite)
Agriculture
Tourism (Serengeti
Kilimanjaro
Zanzibar)
Construction
Telecommunications
Manufacturing
Energy (natural gas)
Transport
Financial Services
Fisheries

Trade

Top Export Partners (2023)

India
16%
UAE
12%
Switzerland
9%
China
8%
South Africa
7%

Top Export Goods

GoldTobaccoCashew nutsCoffeeCloves

Top Import Partners (2023)

China
22%
India
14%
UAE
8%
Saudi Arabia
5%
Japan
4%

Top Import Goods

Refined petroleumMachineryVehiclesIron and steelWheat

Finance & Capital Markets

CurrencyTanzanian Shilling (TZS)
CBR (Bank of Tanzania)6.00%
FX regimeManaged float
ExchangeDar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE)

Major Banks

CRDB BankCommercial
NMB BankCommercial
Stanbic TanzaniaCommercial
NBCCommercial
Exim Bank TanzaniaCommercial

Regulations & Taxes

Corporate Income Tax30% standard (25% for new listings on DSE for 3 years)
VAT / Sales Tax18% standard
Withholding Tax10% dividends, 10% interest, 15% royalties (non-residents)

Talent

Median Age18.0 yrsUN Population
Adult Literacy78.00%World Bank UIS
Youth (<25)63.00%
LanguagesSwahili, English