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Somalia

Federal Republic of Somalia

Somali, Arabic Somali Shilling (SOS) Mixed: Islamic law (Sharia), customary law (xeer)
AU, IGAD, Arab League, AfCFTA, OIC

Somalia is rebuilding its economy and institutions after decades of conflict. The country has a vibrant private sector, particularly in telecommunications (Hormuud Telecom operates one of Africa's most affordable mobile networks), remittances ($2+ billion annually from the diaspora), livestock exports, and emerging fisheries. Mobile money (EVC Plus by Hormuud) is widely used. The Federal Government of Somalia joined the IMF/World Bank debt relief process (HIPC completion point). Challenges include security (Al-Shabaab), clan politics, and limited formal regulatory frameworks.

Snapshot

Population~19.7 MWorld Bank, 2025
GDP (current USD)$13.0 BWorld Bank, 2025
GDP per Capita$661World Bank, 2025
GDP Growth2.99%World Bank, 2025
Inflation (y/y)~3.50%Central Bank / IMF
Unemployment18.95%World Bank, ILO modelled estimate, 2025
Internet Use~27.94%World Bank, 2024
Electrification~49.00%World Bank WDI
CPI Score (Rank)11.0/100 (#180)Transparency Intl
HDI (Rank)0.380 (#191)UNDP HDR

World Bank Indicators Compare with another country

GDP (current USD)$13.0 BWorld Bank, 2025
GDP growth (annual)2.99%World Bank, 2025
GDP per capita (USD)$661World Bank, 2025
Population, total19.7 MWorld Bank, 2025
FDI net inflows (USD)$765.0 MWorld Bank, 2024
Inflation (consumer prices)No value publishedWorld Bank, none for 2016 to 2025
Unemployment (% labour force)18.95%World Bank, 2025
Internet use (% of people)27.94%World Bank, 2024
Trade (% of GDP)128.06%World Bank, 2025

Climate Readiness Full ranking

31out of 100
Early-stage
Climate adaptation readiness for Somalia, from 5 of 5 measured indicators.
Energy access4949.0% · 30% weight
Governance readiness1111 / 100 CPI · 20% weight
Human readiness380.380 HDI · 20% weight
Economic readiness24$661, 2025 · 15% weight
Digital readiness2020.0% · 15% weight
This scores climate adaptation readiness (adaptive capacity), following the readiness dimension of the ND-GAIN framework. It is built only from measured values already held on this profile and normalised 0-100. It does not measure emissions or physical climate vulnerability: the platform does not yet hold emissions, hazard-exposure or natural-capital series. Energy access is the single most climate-specific indicator held; the other four are governance, economic, human-development and digital readiness proxies. The economic sub-score is relative to the African countries the platform covers.
How this is computed

Adaptive capacity to absorb climate finance and adapt, following the readiness dimension of the ND-GAIN framework. Built only from measured values already held on each country profile. It is not a measure of emissions or physical climate vulnerability, which the platform does not yet hold.

  • Energy access (30%) — World Bank, access to electricity (% of population). The single most climate and energy specific signal held: SDG 7 and the clean-energy transition.
  • Governance readiness (20%) — Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index (0-100). ND-GAIN governance readiness: the capacity to govern and deploy climate finance. Higher is cleaner.
  • Human readiness (20%) — UNDP, Human Development Index (0-1). ND-GAIN social readiness: the adaptive capacity of the population.
  • Economic readiness (15%) — World Bank, GDP per capita (current US$), latest measured year. ND-GAIN economic readiness: the capacity to finance adaptation. Scored relative to the covered set.
  • Digital readiness (15%) — World Bank, individuals using the Internet (% of population). Information systems for early warning and adaptation.

A country is scored only when at least 4 of the five indicators are held. Sub-scores are weighted and renormalised over the indicators that are present; nothing is estimated for one that is absent.

Country Facts

CapitalMogadishu
RegionEast Africa
CurrencySomali Shilling (SOS)
FX RegimeFree float (multiple currencies)
Legal SystemMixed: Islamic law (Sharia), customary law (xeer)
Time ZoneAfrica/Mogadishu

Focus Sectors

Livestock
Telecoms (Hormuud)
Remittances
Agriculture
Fisheries
Construction
Port Services

Regulations & Taxes

Corporate Income TaxNot formally established (informal tax)