Eritrea

Eritrea is one of Africa's most closed economies with heavy state control and mandatory national service that limits private sector development. The mining sector, particularly the Bisha mine (gold, copper, zinc operated by Zijin Mining) and new potash projects, represents the primary source of foreign investment and export earnings. Agriculture (limited arable land) and fisheries along the Red Sea coast are other key sectors. The country has no independent central bank policy rate and limited financial sector. Business entry is extremely restricted for foreign entities, though the mining sector operates under specific concession agreements.