Mali

Mali is Africa's third-largest gold producer, with major operations by B2Gold, Barrick Gold, and Resolute Mining. Gold accounts for approximately 70% of export earnings. The economy also depends on agriculture (cotton, rice, livestock) and the informal sector.

Following military coups in 2020 and 2021, Mali withdrew from ECOWAS and has reoriented its security partnerships, impacting international relations and aid flows. The country operates within the CFA franc zone (WAEMU), providing currency stability despite political upheaval.

The business environment is challenging due to security concerns in the northern and central regions, political uncertainty, and infrastructure deficits. The API-Mali investment agency continues to operate. The mining sector remains operational and attractive, with new exploration licenses being issued. Mali's young population (median age 16) and agricultural potential offer long-term opportunities.